You can also ask your students to watch the video as a homework assignment before class. There are several common mistakes that students make when using breadboards, and being familiar with them will help you facilitate troubleshooting during class. If you have never used a breadboard before, we highly recommend watching the following video before doing the activity with your class. This project requires use of a breadboard, a tool for quickly and easily prototyping electronic circuits. For a detailed technical explanation of how the circuit works, including a circuit diagram, see this page. You do not need to understand exactly how the circuit works in order to build it and do the project. The robot's circuit contains other electronic components like resistors, transistors, and diodes that allow the sensors to control the motors. The same situation applies for a line curving right and the right IR sensor and motor.įigure 2. When the robot is turned far enough left that the sensor is no longer over the black line, than the left motor will receive power again. When a line begins to curve left, the left IR sensor will detect the dark surface and cut power to the left wheels which cause the robot to begin turning towards the left. As the two sensors scan either side of a black line the light will be reflected off the white surface and the sensors will send power to the motors. Two infrared sensors are placed on the front of a line-following robot chassis and spaced apart slightly wider than the width of the black line. The sensors have a very short range (a few millimeters), which means they can be used to detect nearby objects that reflect infrared light, as shown in Figure 1. Just like the colors of visible light that we can see, and all other types of electromagnetic radiation, infrared light is reflected by some surfaces, and absorbed or transmitted by others. Each sensor contains an infrared emitter, which sends out infrared light, and an infrared detector, which measures whether infrared light is bounced back. Infrared light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, just outside the range of human vision. The robot uses infrared (IR) light sensors. This is conceptually similar (but not identical) to how a real autonomous car might monitor lane lines to make sure the car does not drift out of its lane. The robot your students will build in this project uses two electronic sensors to automatically follow a dark line on a white background. They do this using a variety of electronic sensors, like cameras and radar, with computers to process all the information. I made a robot called LearnBot for the competition. The goal of the competition is to make an autonomous robot that follows a line on the ground as fast as possible. Several people here made robots to compete in the recent LVBots line following competition. Autonomous cars need to navigate a very complicated environment, including reacting to other cars, driving on roads with different types of lines (or no lines at all), and obeying all traffic signals and signs. Davids line following robot that learns the course. This project provides a very simplified introduction to how real-world autonomous (also called driverless or self-driving) cars work.
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